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Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)
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Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2001 year
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Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2001 year
-2001-mala.jpg) | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products |
| Airports | 5 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
3 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues:
$66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
| Capital | Stanley |
| Climate | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
| Coastline | 1,288 km |
| Constitution | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
| Currency | Falkland pound (FKP) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $NA |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Disputes - international | claimed by Argentina |
| Economic aid - recipient | $1.7 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. |
| Electricity - consumption | 11.2 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 12 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA |
| Ethnic groups | British |
| Exchange rates | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Donald LAMONT (since NA May 1999); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Exports | $7.6 million (1995) |
| Exports - commodities | wool, hides, meat |
| Exports - partners | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $52 million (FY95/96 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $19,000 (FY95/96 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 1% (FY95/96 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 51 45 S, 59 00 W |
| Geography - note | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season |
| Highways | total:
440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Imports | $24.7 million (1995) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing |
| Imports - partners | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% |
| Industries | wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.6% (1998) |
| International organization participation | ICFTU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions) |
| Labor force | 1,100 (est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 99% forests and woodland: 0% other: 1% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English |
| Legal system | English common law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor
elections: last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
| Location | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina |
| Map references | South America |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf:
200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% |
| National holiday | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) |
| Nationality | noun:
Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island |
| Natural hazards | strong winds persist throughout the year |
| Natural resources | fish, wildlife |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | none; all independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none |
| Population | 2,895 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.43% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Stanley |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km |
| Religions | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997) |
| Terrain | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | full employment; labor shortage |
| Waterways | none |
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